California

Wysinger

vs

Crookshank

In 1849, young Edmond Wysinger’s enslaver moved him from South Carolina to California. Edmond toiled in the gold mines, there, for over a year, eventually earning enough money to buy his own freedom. He became a preacher, and he and his wife had eight children. He wanted his children to have a good education, so in 1888, he tried to enroll his 12-year-old son, Arthur, in the public, all-white Visalia High School. Crookshank, a teacher at Visalia Highl, denied Arthur admission and told Edmond that Arthur must attend the Visalia Colored School, an ill-equipped, unequal school with classes held in a Black farmer’s barn. Edmond sued Crookshank and the Visalia School District on his son’s behalf, but lost in county court. He appealed, and the California Supreme Court overturned the lower court’s decision. The California Supreme Court ruled that an act of the legislature, that had been passed on April 7, 1880, had repealed certain sections of the state’s Political Code. Thus, school boards no longer held the power to create segregated schools just for Black children, nor did they retain the power to exclude Black children from public schools that had been created for white children. The Wysingers won, and Arthur became the first Black student to attend Visalia High. The case would be used to support desegregation advocacy throughout California and as a precedent cited in Brown v. Board. [231 words]

Further Reading

Photograph

Photograph of W. B. Wallace. The court opinion lists him being on the legal team of the respondent. The man in the photograph is referred to as a judge, so is this the same man? The photograph was sha

red by the Tulare County library, and the school of the case is located in the city of Visalia school district, of the county of Tulare. So I will assume yes, this is the same man.

Photograph

The Visalia Colored School, which was established at the Hinds family farmhouse in 1871. (This photograph, with this info, was provided on the website above, but the link for the photograph here doesn't state that)