Maryland

Williams

vs

Zimmerman

Margaret Williams and her family were residents of Baltimore County. Margaret finished 7th grade, the highest grade available at her school, and received a certificate from her principal saying she should be promoted to 8th grade. This would mean moving on to a local high school. Though Margaret was zoned for Catonsville High, an all-white school, Black students like her were expected to travel to Baltimore City with the county paying tuition for them to attend the all-Black high school, there. In preparation, Margaret was asked to take an exam at Catonsville High to test her qualifications for attending the Baltimore City high school. Because she did not pass the test, county officials required her to repeat the seventh grade. Instead, she went to Baltimore City’s high school, presented the certificate from her principal, and was admitted. Baltimore City’s schools did not require entrance exams for admission. Unfortunately, the county did not pay for Margaret’s tuition. Because her family could not afford it, she returned to Baltimore County and repeated the seventh grade. She took the county’s examination again and still fell short. Following this, she tried to gain admittance to Catonsville High School, but was refused. Her father sued on her behalf, claiming that the exams were unfair to Black children and likely meant to save the county tuition money because they would not have to pay for anyone who failed. The court found that the school district treated white and Black students equally regarding the exams, to the best of the district’s ability. Though the court acknowledged there could be inequalities with elementary preparation leading to poorer test results for Black students, the opinion suggested that admitting Margaret to a high school she was not qualified to attend would not remedy that. “The remedy would have to be one reaching farther back.” Despite losing the case, Margaret graduated from nursing school in New York City and became a nurse at the Baltimore City Health Department. [327 words]

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