Indiana
In September 1927, Alberta Cheeks enrolled as a tenth-grade high school student at Virginia Street School, a Black school. Soon after, Cheeks and 17 other Black students were transferred to Emerson High School, an all-white school. The white students protested. Superintendent Wirt ordered Cheeks and the other Black students to return to Virginia Street by January 9, 1928. On January 9, Wirt refused to admit Cheeks to any school other than Virginia Street. The Indiana NAACP urged the Black community to sue for their rights. This case was taken to the Supreme Court of Indiana. Superintendent Wirt claimed the Black students were moved due to overcrowding. The Court ruled that the school board was acting within its legal powers and that Cheeks did not suffer any loss of educational privileges and opportunities because she was transferred from Emerson to Virginia Street.
Chapter 23 titled, "The Supreme Court Will Some Day..." mentions town of Gary and case. Not all pages are available but from what I can make out, there were strikes by white students regarding colored
students at their school (for segregation). No strikers were charged and their demands were met and $15k was used to enhance colored school on Virgina Street and $600k for new school. All Black students, except for six seniors (one being case relatrix, Alberta Cheeks). Wirt was the school superintendent who had gained national attention "as a progressive innovator." Gary schools were mostly segregated. Strike started at Emerson because 18 sophomores transferred from Virgina street; White parents did not want Emerson to be like Froebel. Emerson was basically White middle-class, Protestant students while Froebel demographic was Black Americans and the White students were workign-class immigrants. Indianna NAACP branch brought Black community together and urged them to sue for their rights. Alberta Cheeks and her sister, Earlene, testified they had to attend a school in Chicago for college prep. Wirt insisited they were transferred due to overcrowding and that Virgina Street was a great school. Little money was raised for the suit because hope was lost and the Black community in Gary had accepted their reality of segregation.
Chapter 23 titled, "The Supreme Court Will Some Day..." mentions town of Gary and case. Not all pages are available but from what I can make out, there were strikes by white students regarding colored students at their school (for segregation). No strikers were charged and their demands were met and $15k was used to enhance colored school on Virgina Street and $600k for new school. All Black students, except for six seniors (one being case relatrix, Alberta Cheeks). Wirt was the school superintendent who had gained national attention "as a progressive innovator." Gary schools were mostly segregated. Strike started at Emerson because 18 sophomores transferred from Virgina street; White parents did not want Emerson to be like Froebel. Emerson was basically White middle-class, Protestant students while Froebel demographic was Black Americans and the White students were workign-class immigrants. Indianna NAACP branch brought Black community together and urged them to sue for their rights. Alberta Cheeks and her sister, Earlene, testified they had to attend a school in Chicago for college prep. Wirt insisited they were transferred due to overcrowding and that Virgina Street was a great school. Little money was raised for the suit because hope was lost and the Black community in Gary had accepted their reality of segregation.