Illinois

Bibb

vs

Mayor

Minnie and Ambrose Bibb were seven and eight years old when they returned from summer break to resume studying at the Washington school, the same school they had attended the previous school year. Instead of the usual welcome, they were told that all Black children had to leave and attend one of the two new schools designated as Black schools. The other five schools in the city of Alton became white schools. The Black community fought this as much as they could, but teachers at Washington school refused to teach if there was a Black student in the classroom. Further, police blocked the entrances of the school when Black students attempted to enter. Scott Bibb, the father of Minnie and Ambrose, sued the mayor of Alton. By the time the case was finally decided, it was 1901, and the Bibbs children were now 18 and 19. The court ruled in favor of Scott Bibb and demanded that the Alton school district allow Minnie and Ambrose to attend whatever school was most convenient. The Black community was devastated to learn that the Alton school district had manipulated this ruling to make it so that only Minnie and Ambrose (and no other Black children) would be admitted. Even though Minnie had completed her education through homeschooling and tutors, the Alton School District refused to acknowledge the work she’d done outside of their system. They forced her to attend third grade, since she had not attended public school since second grade. Due to the horrendous social isolation of attending a classroom with much younger, all white children, Minnie left the school after two weeks. Schools in Illinois were not legally desegregated until the 1950s with some schools remaining segregated well into the 1970s.

Further Reading

Photograph

Bibbs children were sent away from this school since it was designated as a white school.

Photograph

Photograph of the historical marker honoring Scott Bibb

Magazine

Described the struggles of Scott Bibb and the African American community in the Alton School District. They have now created a historical marker to honor the dedication of Scott Bib and the desegregation of schools.

Website

Describes the history of the Bibb family and outlines the story of the case. Explains why there is resistance to segregated schools and explains why the Alton School District did not desegregate until the Brown ruling.